IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP KOTA SEHAT: KAJIAN LITERATUR DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEBIJAKAN DAN INDIKATOR WHO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38048/jor.v5i2.5441Keywords:
Kota Sehat, Kebijakan kesehatan perkotaan, Indikator WHOAbstract
Urbanisasi yang pesat menimbulkan berbagai tantangan kesehatan di perkotaan, seperti kemacetan, polusi udara, dan meningkatnya penyakit tidak menular. Menanggapi hal ini, World Health Organization (WHO) memperkenalkan konsep healthy city pada 1986, yang mengintegrasikan perencanaan kota dengan kesehatan fisik dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi praktik terbaik, tantangan, dan peluang penguatan program kota sehat di Indonesia berdasarkan tinjauan literatur sistematis dekade 2014–2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dari sumber seperti PubMed, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar. Hasil menunjukkan lima tema utama: kebijakan dan tata kelola, partisipasi masyarakat, kolaborasi lintas sektor, pengelolaan lingkungan, serta sistem monitoring dan evaluasi. Di Indonesia, meski ada Forum Kota Sehat, hambatan seperti koordinasi sektoral yang lemah, partisipasi publik yang rendah, dan evaluasi berbasis data yang belum optimal masih terjadi. Penguatan kebijakan, sistem evaluasi, dan koordinasi lintas sektor penting untuk mencapai kota sehat berkelanjutan.
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