A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES OF THE LANGUAGE POLICY IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38048/jipcb.v12i2.5360Keywords:
TEYL, language policy implementation, early English education, education policy, multilingualismAbstract
Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap pembuatan kebijakan di banyak negara. Kebijakan memasukkan pengajaran bahasa Inggris pada jenjang pendidikan dasar diimplementasikan secara beragam. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari kajian pustaka ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) dan kendala-kendalanya. Data yang digali berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang diambil dari buku, situs web, dan jurnal pendukung. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan untuk memasukkan pengajaran bahasa Inggris di jenjang pendidikan dasar diterapkan secara berbeda di berbagai negara, baik dari segi peran pemerintah pusat dalam mengimplementasikan TEYL maupun dari segi sumber daya manusia atau guru bahasa Inggris. Kendala-kendala implementasi kebijakan TEYL adalah desentralisasi kebijakan, kurangnya analisis kebutuhan, guru yang tidak kompeten, model pembelajaran yang tidak akurat, ketidakseragaman implementasi, kesenjangan akses pembelajaran, kurangnya persiapan, dan keterbatasan dana. Hasil tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah kebijakan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan sementara mereka yang akan melaksanakannya tidak dilibatkan. Implikasi dari data tersebut adalah bahwa kebijakan harus dirumuskan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan riil masyarakat dengan mempertimbangkan dampaknya terhadap siswa dan lembaga pendidikan, termasuk sekolah dasar. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian selanjutnya, penting untuk mengembangkan rekomendasi kebijakan TEYL yang dirumuskan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan nyata. Rekomendasi tersebut dapat sejalan dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional dan kebutuhan masyarakat akan penguasaan bahasa Inggris.
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